Hello everyone!

Welcome back! Last weekend Mehmet and I went to a small town an hour away from Blantyre called Zomba to get away from the city a bit and do some hiking. We got to see a waterfall and eat some great Italian food, it was a great weekend getaway! 

Throughout this week Bright and I have been working to assemble our prototype and conduct some simulations. We discovered that some pieces did not fit together as expected due to differences in tolerance levels from our CAD model to actual 3D printing, so we had to adjust our CAD models to reflect that. Overall, there has been a lot of iterations and adjusting our models until the pieces fit perfectly together. We also attempted to use engineering simulation softwares such as Autodesk CFD and Simscale to validate our designs. However, there was a bit of a learning curve in terms of navigating the softwares as Bright and I both are unfamiliar with them, but we hope to get some results eventually and I am glad I was able to learn the basics of it! 

We also ran into a slight issue with our current design, as our push-pull mechanism did not work as expected. Although we intended for our two pistons to move linearly in opposite directions, while one moves linear the other piston begins partially rotating instead of strictly translating back and forth. We suspect it is due to certain mechanical imbalances and thus need to re-optimize our design. Currently, we are attempting to test our original scotch yoke mechanism plan as demonstrated in our low fidelity prototype, also adding linear guide rails to constrain the piston to move in a straight line. Although this was an unexpected challenge, we are ready to tackle it head on and see how much progress we can achieve in these last couple of days. 

Last Wednesday, Mehmet and I had the invaluable opportunity to shadow a neonatal physician at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital. We began with a tour of the pediatric wards, and we were struck by both the scale and complexity of the facility, it definitely holds its name as one of the largest healthcare facilities in Malawi. Throughout the visit, we spoke with nurses and hospital staff who  shared their insights on the technological gaps and challenges they faced in delivering care. These conversations gave us meaningful perspectives on real-world clinical needs and were valuable insights that we could propose as future Rice 360 projects. 

Finally, Mehmet and I had a rare opportunity to witness a Cesarean Section surgery and neonatal resuscitation, both which we have never witnessed before. Observing this firsthand was fascinating and demonstrated to me how fragile yet precious life can be, and the absolute vital role healthcare professionals have in preserving it. I was especially inspired by the calm precision and unwavering dedication of the medical team in such high-stakes situations. This experience definitely left a lasting impact on us, reinforcing our passion to contribute meaningfully to the field of medicine whether through innovation, patient care, or both.

Finally, the whole MUBAS Design Studio team had an opportunity to take a fun day trip to Liwonde National Park, a game reserve where they were able to see more elephants, lions and super interesting herbivores. It was such an amazing and relaxing experience being able to spend time with all of the team members. I will definitely be cherishing these memories knowing that our time here is coming to an end. It is crazy to believe these two months have passed in a blink of an eye, but I am excited to head off into our final week and finish strong.

Until next time once again! 

Hi everyone!

It’s been a busy and fulfilling week. On Sunday, we hiked up a local mountain called Mount Soche to catch the sunset. It was exhilarating as we had to scramble up a massive rock to reach the summit, but the view of the sun dipping behind the clouds while overlooking the entirety of Blantyre was breathtaking. Mehmet and I are now preparing for an even bigger adventure: a hike up Malawi’s tallest mountain tomorrow!

I’ve been reminded of the story of the Tortoise and the Hare throughout these hikes, as the journey can seem daunting as we try to rush to the top. But I’ve realised that even when the climb feels steep or slow, there’s no need to rush as the destination isn’t going anywhere. Along the way, there are still many beautiful viewpoints and small moments that make the journey richer. In fact, by taking your time, you often gain more from the experience than if you’d hurried through just to say you’d finished.

This also relates to the progress that Bright and I have made so far this week as it has been slow yet steady. On Monday, we put together a list of materials needed to build our prototype including nebulizer masks, cushioning foam, elastic nylon, and more. A key consideration throughout was ensuring that all these materials can be sourced locally. While it might be easier to find components online and have them shipped from places like the U.S. or Europe, our goal is to create a design that’s replicable in resource-constrained settings. It can seem challenging to work without high-end materials or equipment, but it pushes us to also think more creatively and intentionally. At the end of the day, we want our prototype to be  sustainable, practical, and accessible for continued use and production where resources are limited.

Additionally, to better understand the power requirements of our push-pull dual jet system we performed a series of fluid dynamics calculations. We first established a baseline by calculating the power consumption of a standard single-jet nebulizer using measurements, flow rates, and pressure data from a model we borrowed from Queen Elizabeth Hospital. From there, we compared three designs: the traditional single-jet, a split-nozzle system powered by one air jet, and our proposed push-pull dual jet design.

Our findings showed that the push-pull design was the most mechanically efficient. While all three designs aim to deliver the same airflow and pressure, the push-pull mechanism required less motor power than the split-nozzle setup. This is because the split-nozzle design only compresses air during the forward stroke, wasting energy on the return. In contrast, the push-pull system performs work on both strokes, effectively doubling output per motor rotation without proportionally increasing mechanical losses. With energy more efficiently utilized, we’ve decided to move forward with the push-pull design, while continuing to gather feedback from professors and advisors at MUBAS to ensure its long-term feasibility.

We’ve also worked on building 3D CAD (computer-aided design) models of our system. Using measurements from the nebulizer we had on hand, we adapted and redesigned components to fit our mechanism. I definitely had a lot of fun learning and tinkering with the software to bring our visions to life. 

Looking ahead, our goals for next week include using these CAD models to visualize airflow through the dual jet system using online simulation tools. These simulations will help us confirm whether the airflow is consistent and highlight any adjustments needed. We also plan to begin building and completing our medium-fidelity prototype. While sourcing materials continues to be a challenge, we’re confident that with creativity and persistence we can find a way to work through it and meet our objectives.

While progress hasn’t always been fast, it’s definitely been steady. Like the tortoise in the race, we hope to continue through these last three weeks by not rushing but by moving forward with intention, one step at a time.

Until again!

Hello Everyone!  

This past Saturday Mehmet and I went on our first true safari! I was in awe seeing such a wide variety of wildlife, but it was the elephants that captivated me most. As the largest land animals, their sheer size and graceful movements were mesmerizing, it was definitely an unforgettable experience. What fascinates me even more is their complexity, from rich social bonds and communication methods to their complex memories and emotional depth. Elephants are often seen as symbols of wisdom, and after this week, I find myself reflecting on how much I’ve learned and perhaps became a little wiser, too.

This week was a whirlwind of many events. First, our program coordinator for Rice 360, Michelle, came to visit us! It was nice to see such a familiar face and we really appreciated her coming to see our progress. We also spent time with other expats staying at our lodge whether going on the safari together or conversing during breakfast and dinner. It was interesting comparing and contrasting our countries, cultures, and experiences as these exchanges opened my eyes to global issues and ideas I hadn’t considered before, and I feel more inspired and eager to continue exploring this world. I even learned how to make nsima, a staple food in Malawi which we all ate together during dinner! Whether through cooking, conversation, or shared adventures, I felt like I was constantly learning,  gaining wisdom from many different perspectives. I’m excited to continue meeting people from around the world and to stay open to the many ways of seeing and experiencing life.

I’ve also learned a lot through my project this week. Throughout the week, we began developing 3D CAD models and developing a low fidelity prototype of our nebulizer project. Bright and I had to get creative, and it was both challenging yet fun having to figure out how to repurpose materials from a junk pile to construct a model with a functional mechanism. In the end, we were able to build a tangible vision of our project and I can’t wait to continue developing it further. 

We also decided on a couple of changes for our model from our initial design. For the multi-user interface, our original idea was to have two nozzles connected to the same air jet. However, after observing a jet nebulizer (used at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital), we noticed it operates using a push-pull mechanism. The motor turns a fan, which in turn rotates a gear that drives a pump. This pump generates the compressed air needed to aerosolize liquid medication.

Seeing how the gears and pumps interact through this push-pull motion inspired us to think about how we could harness opposing forces in our design. We started exploring the idea of adding a second air jet on the opposite side of the first one to use the reverse motion to generate additional air compression, hopefully devising a method to reuse mechanical motion more effectively and conserve energy. Another change is incorporating a corrugated tube into the design, allowing nebulizer use in multiple orientations to improve comfortability and usability for patients.  

However, these concepts are still in the early stages, and we’ve received valuable feedback emphasizing the importance of grounding our ideas in proven theory to ensure practical achievability. In the coming weeks we will conduct further research and consider possible limitations, as well as continue developing the tourniquet trainer arm model for technology feedback. Overall, this phase of development has deepened my appreciation for the engineering design process and allowed me to think creatively and wisely to problem solve through the challenges we’ve faced. 

It’s hard to believe we only have one more week before we are halfway done, but I am excited to continue learning and growing, maybe one day becoming as wise as the elephants that inspired me this week. 

Catch y’all next time!

Hello everyone, it’s Katie again! 

This week has been filled with new beginnings: new friends, new projects, and plenty of new sights. On our first day, we were introduced to many people including the design studio technicians, our TAs, and our new fellow interns. It was encouraging knowing we had a great support system to guide us through struggles and encourage us to grow in our engineering skills. It was also exciting meeting our new teammates; we’ll be working closely together on our projects and to improve the technology Mehmet and I brought from Rice.

Getting to know each other has been a lot of fun! We’ve shared stories about the foods we eat, the languages we speak, and our unique life experiences. Despite our differences, we’ve also discovered unexpected similarities including enjoying the same TV shows and music which led to a lot of laughter and bonding. It reminded me how deeply connected and similar people can be, no matter where we’re from. I cannot wait to continue our cultural and language exchanges and getting to know each other even more in the weeks ahead.

During this week, we were introduced to the projects that we will be working on throughout the internship. Bright and I will be  developing an enhanced nebulizer for pediatrics, while Mehmet and Racheal will be working on a digitized scale and app that helps with longitudinal child growth monitoring. Over the past few days, we’ve been actively reviewing and applying the engineering design process to guide our project work. While we were initially eager to jump straight into brainstorming solutions, we quickly learned the importance of approaching it methodically—taking the time to fully understand the problem’s scope and gather as much background information as possible.

After speaking with professors, clinical and technical mentors, and conducting our own research into nebulization, Bright and I now feel more confident in the direction we want to take, allowing us to establish clear goals and develop a solid framework for our project. Some of the key objectives in our design criteria include creating a multi-user interface, improving durability, and enhancing the comfort of the nebulizer.

One of our goals is making the device more child-friendly and reduce stress and discomfort for pediatric patients, which could improve treatment adherence by minimizing resistance and anxiety during use. We’re also exploring ways to optimize connection points and support simultaneous use by multiple patients, ultimately aiming to increase efficiency in treating children with respiratory issues.

That being said, we’re still very much in the brainstorming phase. We know that as we continue learning our objectives may evolve, so we’re doing our best to remain flexible and open to change.

We have also seen many new sights. We were able to receive tours of the design studio, the university, as well as this interesting building called the UniPod, filled with workshops, visual and audio studios to help engineers make their ideas come to life. We also visited one of the largest hospitals in Malawi, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. There, we were able to take a look at nebulizers used in the hospital and receive more insight from the doctors there. 

Finally, we saw the countryside as we headed off to Game Haven, a game reserve filled with zebras, antelopes, buffalos and more! It has been such a great first week taking in all these new sights, smells, and sounds, and I cannot wait for the weeks to come!

Thanks for reading!

Katie

Hello everyone! I am beyond excited to begin this journey and take you along with me for the next two months, but first, let me introduce myself!

My name is Katie Voong, and I am a rising junior studying Health Sciences and minoring in Global Health Technologies. I’m originally from Connecticut, and my favorite pastimes include trying new food and watching psychological thriller movies!

My interest in global health first began when I took an introduction course my freshman year on a whim. It was intriguing to learn how to develop and contribute thoughtfully to healthcare technology for limited resource settings, and it challenged me to think beyond what I knew and step outside familiar healthcare environments. 

Although I enjoyed the class, I was initially hesitant about the technical side of designing global health technology due to my lack of experience in the engineering. However, I decided to enroll in Appropriate Design for Global Health my sophomore year, determined to learn the engineering design process and broaden my skillset. Working on a team of four other Rice students, we devised a low-cost and accessible arm model to simulate arterial bleeding. We are aiming for it to be used to train users on applying tourniquets, control hemorrhagic bleeding, and save lives in an affordable and global manner. Implementing the engineering design process and seeing our prototype come to life was a rewarding experience, and made me interested in seeking further opportunities contribute to the global health engineering field. 

Now in Malawi, I will be working on a project with an intern from MUBAS (Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences), as well as gather feedback on a couple medical device prototypes pulled from the engineering design course last semester, including the arm model that I worked on! It will be exciting to receive insightful feedback from clinicians, especially in a setting that my team and I envisioned our model could be implemented in. My fellow Rice 360 intern, Mehmet and I, will also be conducting needs finding research and develop our own personal project. Overall, I am excited to build an interdisciplinary skillset by combining my background in health sciences with hands-on engineering experience. I hope to strengthen my creative problem-solving abilities, learn how to think more like an engineer, and better understand the needs of resource-constrained settings and contribute in a way that supports and strengthens them. Although I know there will be challenges ahead, I’m determined to stay flexible, learn as much as I can, and give my best throughout this journey. 

As someone with little international travel experience, I’m also excited to immerse myself in a new culture. Already I’ve been struck by the beauty of Malawi, the lush greenery and rays of sunlight illuminating the mountain peaks are sights I will not forget. I’ve also met with mentors who have shown me nothing but kindness, hospitality, and warm pride for their country. These first few days have reminded me how big this world is and how many places there are to learn from and appreciate. I’m looking forward to continue this journey and understand what makes Malawi the so called “warm heart of Africa”. 

Thanks for reading!

Katie