Biting off more than you can chew

A quick reminder for those trying to following along with the blogs and being confused as to who is who. The other 4 Rice interns and 8 Malawian interns are all working in pairs at the Polytechnic University on engineering design projects. I on the other hand am the only intern working in the CPAP office at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH or QE). As an ex-engineer and current economist, I’m having a great time helping the CPAP team here analyze information from all the different hospitals where data is collected.

Ideally we could give Pumani CPAPs to a hospital and then they could incorporate training programs into their existing rotations. However, it is much more complicated due to staff switching wards every few months, nurses not being comfortable using CPAPs, and with learning how to use them being viewed as extra work. We’re really pushing to get CPAP training integrated into the curriculum at nursing school to ensure that every nurse who comes into the workforce is prepared to use the device. That would avoid the frequent training and mentorship sessions that are required to maintain a knowledgeable staff at each hospital.

I’m currently looking at a lot of data comparing on-site mentorships with exchange programs. Both of these are methods our CPAP team uses to teach nurses how to use the Pumani devices. The on-site mentorships require that we send an instructor (someone from QE who is very knowledgeable) to go to a smaller district hospital and explain to everyone working there how to use the machines. The exchange programs on the other hand have nurses from the smaller hospitals coming to QE to learn about CPAP devices here and then go home to help introduce more knowledge at their respective hospitals. There are pros and cons to each and our team is currently in the process of trying to determine if one method of training is more effective than other. On one hand, sending a mentor to a site allows more nurses to be trained, but often at smaller hospitals in the week long training window there may not be a child who needs CPAP, thus leaving the mentees without real world practice. On the other hand, the exchange program at QE almost guarantees that a baby will come in needing CPAP care, giving hands-on experience, however less nurses can come and implementation back at their home hospital might be a little more difficult. This is definitely project where it is impossible not to bite off more than you can chew. I’m lucky to be surrounded by numerous, competent, hardworking people!

I was able to go with several members of our CPAP team two weeks ago and see how our data collection/ inventory/ checking-in process works at district hospitals. I was able to assist in replacing parts of CPAP machines that were currently in use at these hospitals and spectated the interviewing process that we conduct with the Matron in the nursery ward (in-charge nurse looking over neonates). Additionally, I was even able to tag along with the Poly interns last week to help with their surveying and questions that pertain to their projects. It was nice to be able to see numerous hospitals and compare similarities and differences. As I was interested in observing CPAPs and phototherapy lights in neonatal wards I stayed with Millie and Kelvin when we split up. They are working on the “PneumaShoe” a device which aids in the circulation of blood for bed-ridden patients. They got some great feedback from nurses in the male and female wards as well as guys from the physical therapy unit. I doubt the name will stay as there are several changes on the horizon! Mostly likely it will switch from being a foot cuff to an adjustable band for calves, things, or arms. I look forward to seeing what they are able to produce. This photo shows them with the Head Nurse at Zomba Central Hospital explaining and testing the device to get feedback.

 

On the way back from Chiradzulu and Zomba, I asked Andrew if we could buy some sugar cane from someone on the side of the road. The U.S. interns were in for a surprise. It’s an incredible plant and even more incredibly difficult to eat! In order to peel away the bark and get to the inside it feels like you’re going to break your teeth. After ripping huge hunks of bark off you can gleefully bite off a mouthful of fiberous plant, chew it a bit, and then spit it out. While our Malawian collegues who have been eating sugar cane since they can remember pulled this off with ease, Naod, Millie, and I made fools of ourselves. Groaning about our teeth, only pulling small strands of bark away, and confusedly chewing the insides, we also dripped sugar water all over ourselves and ended in a disgraceful mess of bamboo material and sticky juice. We definitely bit off more than we could chew. The picture is of Webster, the pro-bark peeler and how-to teacher.

THE LEMELSON EXPERIENCE

Hi, I’m Mphatso Kalawe a fourth year electrical engineering student and im working on the nurse alert system GUI together with Vincent Nowa . I have to admit that this being my first blog I wasn’t really sure what I’m going to write but I’m really glad to be blogging ( smiley face). This internship has been a life changing to me (so far). During the first week it was more like class room setting we learnt about the engineering design process, Arduino’s, oxygen concentrators and a tone of other things. Opening the oxygen concentrators was my favourite part getting to see all the parts and re-assembling the whole thing. I also learnt how to solder.

The second week was more exciting for me it begun with preparations for the hospital visits to ask questions for the projects we were assigned. My partner and I prepared questions and prototypes to ask and show the nurses and technicians at the hospital. Then we visited Queen Elizabeth central hospital with the whole team. From Tuesday to Thursday we visited hospitals in Zomba, Chiradzulo, Mulanje and Thyolo were we presented our projects to the nurses and we got different feedbacks . the hospital visits were really beneficial because they will help us come up with a better solution and will help us consider other factors we were overlooking in the the first place to make the system effective.

The trips helped us to bond with the interns from rice and we also had a chance to go to Chawe inn in Zomba and Hapuwani in Mulanje. I will keep posted, PEACE!!!

A Fortnight of Endeavors

During the first week of the internship, we spent some time breaking the ice and doing team building exercises. A large part of getting to know each other was discussing the different cultures that the Polytechnic group and Rice group were accustomed to, so that no one would be offended by any behavior they found foreign. The highlight of the week was the paper airplane building competition which Mphatso won though everyone agreed that I had the coolest design.

Different individuals presented on the projects they had worked on in the past and we all talked about what we hoped to achieve with this internship. The projects that we would be doing were presented to us on the second day and we were given a chance to list our preferences. On the last day we were assigned to a team and given a project. We also did a tour of the wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital that would be most affected by our projects. It was good to see the positive impact that other projects have had on the lives of people in southern Malawi.

The second week was spent visiting several district hospitals and Zomba Central Hospital. There was a highly apparent difference between the resources available at the district hospitals and the central hospital and so too the level of expertise between the technical personnel. All the same, all the personnel seem to do well with what they had available. There was a bit of an “accent” barrier between the visiting interns and some of the stakeholders at the district hospitals but we found ways of overcoming it. All and all the visits allowed us to start working relationships with the stakeholders that we would be working with on our projects.

We had short tourist stops along the routes to and from the hospitals, so warm greetings from the tea estates of Thyolo. Muli bwanji?

Group 2. Thyolo Tea Estates

3. Problem? Are You Sure? (June 26th 2017)

Broken Oxygen Concentrators at Queens

Growing up, I was really interested in scientific pursuits and enamored to be a research scientist, solving a problem and furthering the frontier of knowledge in a field. While my interested have shifted somewhat, I have always enjoyed using a logical and methodical method to solve problems systematically; this is one of the reasons I am pursuing an engineering degree and want to continue on to medical school after university. This week however, I realized before that stage can even be reached, there is an arguably more crucial step that I had never considered: needs finding and problem definition. When I have conducted research or even worked on a project in college and in high school, I have always taken the problem at face value. Problem? Cancer affects millions of people. What’s next? Theorize and research. Problem? I don’t get enough sleep everyday. What’s next? Theorize and research. But what if the problem is not a problem?

Sometimes problems change, are ill defined, or are problems in principle but are not common or just don’t happen. While the two problems I have listed above are indeed valid and reasonable problems (and obviously the former is much more important and pressing than the latter), for others it’s not as simple. This is the case for my Rice 360 project, which is finding a solution to protect the compressor seals in an oxygen concentrator from the accumulation of abrasive dust particles. While touring neighboring hospitals in other districts around Malawi and interviewing nurses, engineering technicians, and the matrons of the ward, the majority verdict was while dust can build up and wear down the seals, this just doesn’t happen. Furthermore at three of the four hospitals we visited maintenance is done frequently enough that other parts of the concentrator usually fail first, whether it is needing to replace the disposable bacteria and dust filter, burst tubing, or electrical problems caused by electrical surges. Issues with the compressor seals really do not occur until after 5 years of almost continuous use, and even then overworking and overheating usually are much larger causes for this failure.

Inside an Oxygen Concentrator

It is entirely possible that this still is a problem; technicians speak from what they have seen or heard while working at the hospital and something like dust in the compressor can easily contribute to overheating by increasing the frictional forces or be misdiagnosed as other problems, especially since this only occurs in very old concentrators. Furthermore, another group working on a similar project received conflicting answers about dust from the same technicians. But what I have gathered over the course of the past week is that the only way to know if a problem exists is to personally determine it. Tomorrow my group will travel to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (Queens) and discuss with more engineers in order to definitely determine whether my problem truly is a problem. Only then can I go back to what I know best, theorize and research.

Hospital visits

We visited Thyolo ,Mulanje, Zomba and Chiradzulu district hospitals located in the southern region of Malawi. The purpose for this trip was to investigate the reasons why compressors in oxygen concentrators break down and find out ways of protecting concentrators from dust.

 

Common types of oxygen concentrators:

  • Devilbliss
  • New life

Usually these concentrators work for 24 hours everyday.

The concentrators have filters to trap dust and bacteria.

  • Two air filters which are reusable
  • Bacteria filters cannot be cleaned or reused.

Common problems in oxygen concentrators

  • Over heating of motor
  • Bursting out of cables.
  • Wearing out of seal and cups in the compressor due to friction.

Ways of protecting concentrators from dust

  • Clean air filters weekly
  • Mop floor everyday.

3. On The Road

At the end of last week, we received our project assignments for the internship. Our group of 12 was split into 6 pairs, and each was assigned a different challenge related to medial technologies. The projects are all pretty unique — some have to do with compressors in oxygen concentrators, some with a software interface, and some with improving Rice-developed technologies.

Chikondi and I are working to design and manufacture stands for a low-cost phototherapy light that is used to treat babies with jaundice. Phototherapy lights exist across the world, but often times are expensive and not accessible for hospitals like those in Malawi. The Bililight (the wooden box in the pictures below) is a low cost phototherapy device that came out of Rice 360 several years ago. The problem is, the light does not have a stand — it is currently being held up by tying it to a walking stick with cloth strips, or placing on top of the cot, too close to the baby. Chikondi and I were tasked with building a stand for these lights that is easy to use, safe, and maintains the intended function of the light. Two initial prototypes have already been built, but we plan to improve upon them or come up with a new design altogether.

This prototype has two metal legs that extend down and under the bililight. It’s slightly unsteady but compatible with different beds.
This prototype has 4 wooden legs that can each swivel, to make the entire stand adjustable to fit in different beds.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We spent all of last week collecting information. First, we read through documentation and papers to learn as much as we could about jaundice, phototherapy, and the bililight. We spent Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday traveling to different hospitals around southern Malawi taking some initial prototypes for feedback and gathering other information. Here’s what we learned:

  • Nurses generally preferred the metal two-legged stand over the wooden four-legged stand
  • There were many types of cots, and the metal stands generally fit most sizes, while the wooden one did not fit in the plastic cots
  • Many nurses requested that the bililight be able to be swiveled out of the way so they could access the baby easier
  • Nurses wished for the stand and light to be stored as one unit, so they wouldn’t risk losing parts
  • Some want the stand to be on wheels, and some want it to be able to be picked up
The metal stand in a wooden cot at Thyolo Hospital
The wooden stand doesn’t fit very well in the plastic cots

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

It was really interesting visiting different hospitals in different places in the country. All hospitals are one story, and are a series of wards connected by covered walkways that are open to the outside air. The district hospitals (the smaller, regional ones) seemed to generally have nicer facilities, but often times the equipment and staffing was better at the larger central hospitals. The adult wards had many beds (about 50 in some hospitals) all in the same room, and the nurseries varied in size.

The nursery at Zomba Central Hospital (they have plastic cots)
The nursery at Mulanje District Hospital (note the phototherapy device on the left (under the cloth), the oxygen flow meters in the center, and the space heater on the right)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We also had a lot of fun traveling with each other, and enjoyed driving around cities like Zomba, stopping to take pictures at a tea plantation, buying a giant papaya from the side of the road, driving up a winding mountain road, and just spending time together!

Vin showing off the Mandasi we bought for the road. It’s sort of like a less sugary donut and it’s SO GOOD and pretty cheap (about 60 Kwacha, or 8 cents per mandasi)
Having fun taking photos at Ku Chawe hotel on top of a mountain in Zomba

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Next up, we are going to take this feedback into consideration and brainstorm ideas for a new and improved stand. This is one of my favorite parts of the engineering design process, so I can’t wait!

-S

TWO OF SIX

 

Hey, am Bernadette Hara, a fourth year student studying electrical and electronic engineering at The Malawi University, Polytechnic. I am interested in medical electronics that is the reason why I applied for this internship so I could apply the knowledge I have to designing, modifying and repairing medical devices.

The last two weeks so far have been so educational and fun. The first week was mainly just for introductions. We interacted with our fellow interns from Rice University . We taught them some common words in our local language, had them taste some local food and then show them around the campus. We were also introduced to equipments in the design studio, so we could be familiar with them as we will be using them for the next coming weeks of this internship. After the end of the first week I have learnt how to solder, and also be able to design a component on Autodesk inventor and then print it on a 3D printer or cutting it using the laser cutter. By the end of this internship I believe I would be a pro in all of these machines and software’s. After familiarizing ourselves to the equipments in the design studio we were introduced and assigned to the projects to be done during the six week internship. The project I will be working on during the internship is Repairing Medical Devices. The project expects us to come up with procedures on how to fix common faults in medical equipments. Medical devices that are to our focus are the Oxygen concentrators, Radiant warmers, bCPAP pumani and the suction.

The second week I had to prepare a questionnaire for the research with my partner. Then we went to Mulanje district hospital, Zomba central hospital, Chiradzulu hospital and Thyolo districts hospital to collect the necessary data that will be helpful when doing the project. One thing I observed from all the hospitals is that they have a lot of damaged oxygen concentrators and they are not fixing them because they do not have spare parts. After collecting the data, they say a little fun doesn’t hurt so we went to have fun at Sunbird Ku Chawe and Hapuwani lodge

at ku chawe

….…………………………………………………..

 

 

The Amazing Start

Wow! The six weeks internship i had been waiting for has began. 2 weeks down the line,alot has already been experienced. The first week was more of introduction and getting to know the rice interns.Wow!!what an amazing team they are and am loving their campanie.we were then introduced on different devices used in the design studio such as the lasercutter,3D printer and also soldering  which will help us hence our projects.

I have been assigned to pnuemashoe project with millie.A device that uses pnuematic compression to prevent blood clotting.we are really going to put all our best to come up with the best design and see it being introduced in hospitals and also for home use.

The second week was more of hospital visits. We visited mulanje,thyolo,chiradzulu and zomba hospitals to look into the different devices they use and problems they face with the devices. We also had the chance to get feedback on the current pnuemashoe designed by rice students in all these hospitals.

as they say”All work no play makes jack a dull boy” a stopover at one of the best hotels in mulanje,hapuwani and a photoshoot in the tea plantations of thyolo refreshed our minds.The trill of driving up zomba mountain to chawe inn brought in fun among us……..

My first blog

Hi, there. I am Chikondi Kanama. I am proud to post my first blog having struggled with internet problems. Serena Agrawal (my workmate) and I were allocated to the project aimed at designing and manufacturing stands for bili-lights currently in use at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital for Phototherapy. Over the past fg data from  Queen Elizabeth Central, Zomba Central, Chiradzulu District and Thyolo District Hospitals. More details to unfold as we digest and use our information base and apply it in our project.